Uterine fibroids are a common gynecological condition that is often asymptomatic but can significantly impact a woman's health. Understanding fibroids helps identify the problem early and choose the proper treatment. In this article, we have compiled nine facts about uterine fibroids that every woman should know.

1. Fibroids are benign tumors

Uterine fibroids are benign tumors that develop from the muscle cells of the uterus. They are not malignant and are not considered cancer . However, they can cause significant discomfort and complications. Even if they are benign, medical supervision is not required.

2. The condition is extremely common

Studies show that uterine fibroids occur in 30–40% of women of childbearing age. The diagnosis is most commonly made in women over 35 years of age. In many cases, fibroids are discovered incidentally during a routine ultrasound examination in some patients, as the condition may not manifest for some time.

3. The causes are not clearly understood

Despite numerous studies, the exact cause of fibroids is still unknown. However, there are several risk factors: hormonal imbalance (excess estrogen and progesterone deficiency), hereditary predisposition, obesity, chronic inflammation, miscarriages, and stress. All of these factors can increase the likelihood of developing the condition.

4. Symptoms can vary

Some women aren't even aware they have fibroids, as they may be asymptomatic. Others experience heavy and prolonged menstruation, pain and heaviness in the lower abdomen, frequent urination, constipation, weakness, and anemia. Symptoms depend on the size, number, and location of the fibroids.

5. Fibroids can affect fertility

Fibroids don't always lead to infertility, but in some cases, they can prevent pregnancy or complicate its progression. For example, if a fibroid lump is located in the uterine cavity, it can prevent the embryo from implanting. Fibroids also increase the risk of miscarriage and premature birth. Therefore, it is especially important for women trying to become pregnant to be examined by a gynecologist.

6. Fibroids vary in size

Fibroids can be small and barely visible on ultrasound, or they can reach the size of a large fetus. Doctors often compare the size of a fibroid with the gestational age in weeks. For example, a tumor in the 12th week can already significantly enlarge a woman's abdomen and put pressure on her internal organs.

7. There are different treatment options

Not all fibroids require surgery. In some cases, the doctor recommends a watchful waiting approach and regular check-ups, especially if the tumor is small and doesn't cause any symptoms. In other cases, medications that regulate hormone levels are used. In more severe cases, fibroid removal surgery is prescribed: myomectomy (removal of only the fibroids), uterine artery embolization, or complete removal of the uterus (hysterectomy). The choice of method depends on the woman's age, her symptoms, and her reproductive plans.

8. A healthy lifestyle helps keep the disease under control

Although it is impossible to completely prevent the development of fibroids, a healthy lifestyle plays an important role. A balanced diet, a normal weight, regular physical activity, and smoking cessation reduce the risk of disease progression. It is also important to have check-ups with a gynecologist at least once a year.

9. Fibroids can develop unpredictably

Sometimes fibroids grow very slowly or stop growing altogether. In other cases, fibroids can grow rapidly, especially in cases of hormonal imbalances. Moreover, fibroids often increase in size during pregnancy, while after menopause, they may decrease or even disappear due to declining estrogen levels. Therefore, regular monitoring and control of the situation is crucial.

The bottom line

Uterine fibroids are a common and complex condition that requires special attention. Although it is a benign tumor, it can impair a woman's quality of life and cause unpleasant symptoms and complications. Regular doctor visits, timely checkups, and a healthy lifestyle help keep the situation under control. Knowing the facts about fibroids can not only alleviate anxiety but also help you make informed decisions for your own health.